Johan Galtung, in addition to analyzing the various forms of violence and proposing strategies for conflict transformation, also developed the concept of transarming, a term that goes beyond simple disarmament, which focuses on the reduction of military armaments. Transarming, on the other hand, focuses on dismantling the structures and cultures that sustain violence, creating conditions for deeper and more lasting peace.

The concept of transarming is based on the idea that violence does not solely originate from the presence of weapons; rather, it has deeper roots in social, economic, political, and cultural structures. Therefore, to effectively prevent violence, it is not enough to reduce armaments; it is necessary to transform these structures and cultures that legitimize and perpetuate it.

Galtung distinguishes different dimensions of transarming, which correspond to his three types of violence:

• Structural Transarming: This focuses on transforming the social, economic, and political structures that generate inequality, injustice, and oppression. It involves addressing the root causes of structural violence, such as poverty, discrimination, social exclusion, and lack of access to basic resources. This may include the implementation of public policies that promote equity, social justice, sustainable economic development, and respect for human rights.

• Cultural Transarming: This focuses on transforming the norms, values, beliefs, and symbols that legitimize violence. It involves promoting a culture of peace based on respect for human rights, tolerance, diversity, intercultural dialogue, and peaceful conflict resolution. This may include peace education, the promotion of artistic and cultural expressions that foster peace, and interreligious and intercultural dialogue.

• Direct Transarming: While the primary focus of transarming is on the structural and cultural dimensions, it also involves actions to reduce direct violence. However, it is not limited to military disarmament; it also includes other measures such as the demobilization of armed groups, the reintegration of former combatants into society, arms control, and the promotion of citizen security.

It is important to highlight that transarming is not a unilateral process, but requires the participation of multiple actors, including governments, international organizations, civil society organizations, local communities, and the parties in conflict themselves.

Galtung emphasizes that transarming is a long-term process that requires sustained commitment and a holistic vision. It is not a quick or easy solution, but rather a profound change in the way society is organized and in the way human relationships are conceived.

In summary, transarming according to Galtung represents a comprehensive approach to preventing violence and building peace. It goes beyond simple military disarmament and focuses on transforming the structures and cultures that sustain violence. By addressing the root causes of conflict, transarming seeks to create the conditions for a more just, equitable, and lasting peace. This concept complements Galtung’s other contributions and offers a valuable perspective for practical action in peacebuilding.

Johan Galtung (born in 1930) is a Norwegian sociologist and mathematician recognized as one of the founders of peace and conflict studies. His work has been essential in understanding the dynamics of violence, peace, and development in the international sphere.